Causation

Applicable test for physical causation:

but for

test. The relevant

question in this prong of the analysis is: would the plaintiff have suffered the

harm alle

the

conduct of the defendant? We are looking to see if the defendant caused the

plaintiff's harm.

Legal Caus$$

inquiry, which asks whether the plaintiff's injury was reasonably foreseeable.

In cases where multiple defendants bring about a single harm the courts look for

etermine if the

conduct complained of materially contributed to the injury or loss. Here, if the

defendant is part of the cause of injury the defendant may be liable even if his

action alone was insufficient to cause the injury.