Cause in Fact $/$ Actual Cause

Practice MC$.$ The good ship Lollipop has no life preservers or safety poles on board. Sailor Jerry

falls overboard and drowns. Under which situation is the lack of safety gear the factual cause of

Jerry's death?

a$)$ Jerry treads water for several minutes before going under

b$)$ Jerry sinks immediately

c$)$ Both $($a$)$ and $($b$)$

d$)$ Neither $($a$)$ nor $($b$)$