Cell Reference: Allows you to refer to data from another cell in the worksheet. In the Excel Simulation below, if $=$C$5$ is entered in a blank cell, the formula outputs the result from cell C$5,$ which is $6,960$ in this example.

Basic Math functions: Allows you to use the basic math symbols to perform mathematical functions. You can use the following keys: $+($plus sign to add$),-($minus sign to subtract$),*($asterisk sign to multiply$),$ and $/($forward slash to divide$).$ In the Excel Simulation below, if $=$C$5+$C$6$ is entered in a blank cell, the formula adds the values from those cells and outputs the result, which is $20,405$ in this example. If using the other math symbols, the result is an appropriate answer for the function.

SUM function: Allows you to refer to multiple cells and adds all the values. You can add individual cell references or ranges to utilize this function. In the Excel Simulation below, if $=$SUM$($C$5,$C$6,$C$7)$ is entered in a blank cell, the formula outputs the result of adding those three separate cells, which is $25,205$ in this example. Similarly, if $=$SUM$($B$5$:B$7)$ is entered in a blank cell, the formula outputs the same result of adding those cells even though they are expressed as a range in the formula, so the result is $25,205$ in this example.