Cellular phone design methods: Top-down (Positivism) human interest is largely irrelevant because it is not the main subject under investigation; and Bottom-up (Interpretivist) human interest is the main driver of the science. Furthermore, with regard to positivism, the concepts need to be operationalized so that they can be measured, however with regard to interpretivist, the stakeholder interest has to be incorporated. To this effect:

a) Highlight the strength and weakness of hybrid.

b) Discuss the usefulness of top-down.

c) Sketch the usefulness of bottom-up.

d) Differentiate top-down from bottom-up.