CENE $270$ Traversing In Class Work

Traverse: A traverse is a series of

connected lines of known lengths related

to one another by known angles. As with

all surveying measurements and

observations, there is error.

Objective: Determine misclosure error

for angles, and record adjusted azimuth

angles

To determine azimuth using

interior angles subtract the

interior angle from the back

azimuth

After finding azimuth and back

azimuth for all line segments,

determine the missing interior

angle

Determine allowable misclosure

error of angles; $C=\frac{+}{-}K\sqrt[\phantom{2}]{n}$;

where

a$.$ C is the allowable

closure error

b$.$ K is a constant based

on order of accuracy;

$1^{II}$ order $={1\mathrm{.}7}^{?},2^{\text{m}\text{e}\text{d}}$ order $={3\mathrm{.}0}^{?},2^{nd}$ order class $2={4\mathrm{.}5}^{\text{'}\text{'}},3^{nd}$ order $={10}^{\text{'}\text{'}},3^{nd}$ order class $2={12}^{?}$

c$.$ n is the number of angles

Determine misclosure; $c=(n-2)(180)$

a$.$ c is the closure error

b$.n$ is the number of angles

Determine adjustment; $A=(\frac{c}{n})$

$|E-\frac{6}{4}=2\mathrm{.}5E*7$

Apply adjustment to interior angles to force sum to be correct $(=360$ degrees$)$

Determine adjusted Azimuth values using adjusted interior angles

Determine the deflection angles going in a clockwise direction from A$-$B$-$C$-$D$-$A Revire: $A-D,D-C,C-B,B-A$