Chapter 1 WA Written Assignment - MTH 154 NAME ___________________________________

1. Name one of the ten Fallacy Types from Section 1A ____________________________________________ and create an example of an argument of that type:

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2. a. An argument consists of premises and a ________________________________.

b. A proposition is a statement that makes a claim which could be either true or __________________.

3. a. Circle the conclusion in the following argument: Someone must be outside. The dogs are barking.

b. Circle the conclusion in the following argument:

People love puppies, so don't count on there being any puppies at the animal shelter.

5. For the following argument, identify one of the ten fallacy types which is exhibited by the argument, and briefly explain why this argument is weak or deceptive. Fallacy Type: ______________________________

Obviously, it is best not to testify on your own behalf. Casey Anthony and George Zimmerman each

declined to testify on their own behalf, and they were both found "not guilty."

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8. Each of the following statements consists of two propositions connected by a logical operation "and", "or", or "if...then". Indicate whether each statement is True or False.

a. All varieties of apples are fruits, and Taylor Swift is a NASA engineer.___________________

b. Taylor Swift is a NASA engineer, or all varieties of apples are fruits.___________________

9. Answer the question regarding the meaning of the given statement which may contain a multiple negation. Stephen failed to avoid spoilers regarding the new Star Wars movie. Did Stephen see spoilers?____________

11. Use set notation to write the members of the following set: odd numbers between 20 and 30

10. Complete the truth table. (Note that the symbol ~ means the same thing as "not". Also, if there are parentheses, do the part inside the parentheses first.)

p	q	not p	not q	p or q	q and p	If p then q	~p or q	p and ~q	~(p and q)
T	T
T	F
F	T
F	F

12. Draw a Venn diagram with 2 circles to illustrate the relationship between women and plumbers. Label each part of the diagram clearly.

Now use the Venn diagram to analyze the validity of the following argument, and underline its conclusion.

Some plumbers are women, and Bob's friend in Ohio is a plumber. Therefore, Bob's friend in Ohio is a woman.

Put an "X" in your diagram above in the appropriate spot to represent Bob's friend. Is the argument valid? ___

13. Suppose you have 12 green socks and 5 red socks in a drawer.

How many socks must you take from the drawer to be certain of having a pair of green socks (assuming it is dark and you cannot see the color of the socks)? ______

How many socks must you take from the drawer to be certain of having a matching pair (of either color)? ____

14. What can be deduced from the following chain of conditionals argument?

If Amy studies for the test, she will pass it. If Amy passes the test, her friend will take her to Starbucks.

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15. Given a proposition such as: Some roses are red. We sometimes need to re-write it as a categorical proposition, so that the Subject and Predicate sets are clear. Like, Some roses are flowers that are red.

What is the Subject set in the categorical proposition? __________________________________________

What is the Predicate set in the categorical proposition? ________________________________________

What type of Venn diagram would be used to illustrate the relationship stated in the categorical proposition (subsets, overlapping sets, or disjoint sets)? ___________________________________________________

16. Draw a Venn diagram with 2 circles to illustrate the relationship between dogs and beagles. Label each

part of the diagram clearly.

Use the Venn diagram to analyze the validity of the following argument, and underline its conclusion.

"All beagles are dogs, and my friend Doug has a beagle named Barney. Therefore, Barney is a dog."

Be sure to place an "X" in the diagram to represent "Barney". Is the argument valid? _____________

17. Given the proposition: No cows are carnivores.

a) Draw and label a Venn diagram below to illustrate the relationshipbetween cows and carnivores.

b) Use your Venn diagram to decide if the following argument is valid or not.

Barbara has a pet named Bovey. Bovey is a carnivore. Bovey is not a cow.

(Place an "X" in the diagram to represent Bovey.) Is the argument valid? ___________

18. Bonus: In a survey of 50 musicians, it was found that 20 people played the piano, and 25 played the guitar. Additionally, it was noted that 7 people played both instruments. (Note, this is a little trickier than it first may appear.)

a) Draw an overlapping Venn diagram to illustrate this.

b) How many people played neither instrument? _____

c) How many played only the guitar? _________

d) How many played only the piano? _________