Charles, a single $29$ year old, deferred $2\%$ of his salary, or $$2,000,$ into a $401($k$)$ plan sponsored by his employer during $2023.$ What is the maximum deductible IRA contribution Charles can make during $2023?$

$($a$)$ $$0.$

$($b$)$ $$1,000.$

$($c$)$ $$4,000.$

$($d$)$ $$5,500.$