Check Your Understanding $13\mathrm{.}1$ Name Section Date Check Your Understanding $13\mathrm{.}2$ Name Section Date $1$ What is the term used in this book to refer to humans and our ancestors$/$relatives after our split with the African apes? $2$ What is a primary shared adaptation among all members of the human line? $3$ What are the three subgroups of species on the human line, as discussed in the text? $4$ The first two groups, occurring only in Africa, share a basic overall appearance: an $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ head and a body $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.5$ During which epoch of the Cenozoic era did the very first bipeds appear? $6$ List the genus and species names of the very first four possible members of the human line. $($Possible$$ because not all researchers agree about their taxonomic designation.$)7$ On what continent were all of these species found? $8$ Ardipithecus ramidus is by far the best known of the very earliest members of the human line. It exhibited a mosaic of ancestral and derived traits; that is$,$ some features are similar to the common ancestor of apes and humans, and others more similar to humans. a List two ancestral traits $($these are similar to apes, which have changed less since the common ancestor$).$ b List two derived traits $($ones that link A$.$ ramidus to later members of the human line$).9$ What supposed $$find$$ in $1911$ set paleontology back and kept valid fossils from being accepted? $343-382$ Ch $13$ Human.indd $36111/3/164$:$10$ PM $362$ Exploring Physical Anthropology $10$ Which of the $$non$-$robust$$ australopiths a is most similar to early Homo? $($Not all scientists agree, so you may list more than one.$)$ b is associated with early stone tools and broken animal bones? c is the earliest known member of the genus Australopithecus? d was the first found, in $1924,$ and $($after it was finally accepted$)$ was the first to establish that human ancestry began in Africa? e is one of the most complete set of remains of an individual, consists of a very large number of specimens found, and is represented by the fossil $$Lucy$?11$ What are at least three cranial$/$dental features of robust australopithecines? What are these features thought to be adapted for?