Question: Choose the best option for each statement below regarding various types of strengthened zirconia. [ Select ] experiences room-temperature toughening because of a stress-induced martensitic

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Choose the best option for each statement below regarding various types of strengthened zirconia. [ Select ] experiences room-temperature toughening because of a stress-induced martensitic transformation. The product phase of this transformation occupies more volume than the reactant phase, and thus produces local compression in the ceramic specimen, which tends to hinder crack propagation. This form of strengthened zirconia is also known to show reduced strength if held at intermediate temperatures (~200-300C) for hundreds of hours. Additions of alumina can remedy this strength loss at low to intermediate temperatures for this form of YSZ. [ Select ] experiences room-temperature toughening because (i) secondary tetragonal-phase particles embedded within continuous phase disrupt cracks as they attempt to propagate, and (ii) magnified stress near the tip of a propagating crack can induce a martensitic phase-change that expands the volume of the phase-changing particles, thus creating local compression which also tends to disrupt crack propagation. [ Select ] experiences high-temperature toughening because the tetragonal phase can experience a stress-induced transformation to another phase. This transformation is (i) cyclic between the two phases and (ii) repeatable with varying stress. e) [Select ] Y-PSZ Y-TZP erier Y-CSZ ycli Z (Pure Zirconia)
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