Choosing an appropriate M&V option for renewable energy projects

$$ Project $1$: A solar water heating system for a health care facility. The estimated energy saving values are not available.

$$ Project $2$: A wind energy system for a college facility that is not connected to the grid. The estimated energy yield values are available from the project design step.

$$ Project $3$: $900$kW rooftop Solar PV system for a commercial building that is connected to the grid and has a costumer owned revenue generation meter.

Answer:

The options to measure and verify the performance of a renewable energy system may be classified into four general categories:

$1.$ Option A: Measured Capacity, Stipulated Performance

$2.$ Option B: Measured Production$/$Consumption

$3.$ Option C: Utility Bill Analysis

$4.$ Option D: Calibrated Models