Class: Psychology Research and Statistical Methods

Scenarios (ALREADY ANSWERED):

1. Dr. Jones assigns an essay for his philosophy course that has 31 students in it. Instead of giving a grade to each essay, Dr. Jones ranks the essays from best to worst, giving a 1 to the best and 31 to the worst, and records that information in his grade book. Ordinal Scale
2. Dr. Jones counts the number of freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors in his philosophy course and of those 31 students enrolled 5 are freshman, 6 are sophomores, 15 are juniors, and 5 are seniors. Nominal Scale
3. P.E. teacher, Mr. Franklin, tests his students' basketball skills by counting the number of successful free throws they can make in 5 minutes. Some students make 0 free throws and some make 30. He records the number of free throws they each made. Ratio Scale
4. Coach Thompson decides wants to select players for an all star soccer team. To do so, he observes the 50 kids currently playing AYSO and judges which is the best, second best, third, fourth, fifth, and so on down to the worst player. He puts the orders in a spreadsheet and selects the top 14 players to play on the all star team. Ordinal Scale
5. To determine students' attitudes about academic cheating, a researcher creates a questionnaire with 10 items. Each item asks the student to respond to a statement by indicating whether they strongly agree, moderately agree, neither agree or disagree, moderately disagree, or strongly disagree. If they strongly agree they give that sentence a 5 and if they strongly disagree they give that sentence a 1. For example, a statement might be "Academic cheating is morally wrong". Then the researcher adds up the scores for the 10 items to compute the student's attitude about cheating and records that summed score in a database. Ordinal Scale
6. Each year, US New and World Reports ranks colleges and reports the best to worst colleges in the United States. They assign a #1 to the best and a #300 to the worst college. Ordinal Scale
7. Every year, a college publishes race data according to US government standards on its incoming freshman students. They record and publish the number of Native Americans, Asians, African Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Whites. Nominal scale
8. A researcher interested in reducing smoking behavior in adolescents asks students to report the number of cigarettes they smoke each day for seven days in a row. The researcher records the total number smoked over the 7 days. Ratio scale.
9. A research used the Myers Briggs Type Indicator to identify whether his participants are introverts or extroverts. Participants take the test and get a score on the introvert/extrovert scale, which can range from a low score of 10 (indicating introversion) to a high score of 50 (indicating extroversion). Interval scale
10. On the basis of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator, a researcher classifies people as being either introverts or extroverts. In her database she assigns a "1" to introverts and "2" to extroverts. She then counts and reports the number of each personality category who participated in her study. Nominal scale.

QUESTIONS:

PART 1:

Now createone example of each type of measurement scale (nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio). See in the table below that these four types have been listed for you. You are to create one variable/scale for each of these four different scales. Type the answers for the four different scales in the table cells below. See example role for help, but do not use gender for your own nominal variable

Measurement Scale	Variable Name	Values your Scale could Take, e.g., Men, 1-99, etc.	Maximum and minimum value your variable could take (not relevant for nominal)	Made up values for 10 people
Nominal			n/a
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Example Row (nominal)	gender	men, women	n/z	man, woman, woman, woman, woman, woman, man, man, man, woman

PART 2:

1. Find SPSS a your computer and open it.
2. When it opens. you should see an SPSS data set
3. Notice that the data set has two options at the bottom: variable view and data view
4. Click on variable view - this is where you will define each of your variables in SPSS
5. In variable view, define each of your four variables by specifying the
   1. Name
   2. Type
   3. Decimal places if your variable might have decimals
   4. Label you'd like to display in your output for that variable
   5. For your nominal level variable, the Values that your variable can take
   6. Measure (type of - scale, nominal or ordinal)
6. Switch to data view for the next step - notice that your variables are now listed at the top of the columns
7. Now put in the values you assigned to each of your 10 people from the scenarios up above. In this step, you simply type in each cell going down each column/variable, the number that each of your 10 people produced for THAT variable.(For your nominal data use, the value you defined, not necessarily the name you labeled that value)
8. Show an IMAGE or ATTACH the Dataset FILE below: