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Social structure perspective suggests that a primary cause of crime is a disadvantaged economic class position. It claims that our social environment shapes one's choices and opportunities. The social structure perspective includes the social disorganization theory, strain theory, and the cultural deviance theory. Social disorganization theory focuses on the breakdown of inner-city neighborhoods of institutions. Strain theory is when people see crime as a function of the conflicts between and individuals' goals and their means available to obtain them. Cultural deviance theory is when people see strain and social disorganization together resulting in a unique lower-class culture which conflicts with conventional social norms.

The social process perspective studies critical elements of socialization to determine how they contribute to criminal careers. It relies heavily on the interaction with key institutions which control human behavior. This perspective includes social learning theory, social control theory and social reaction theory, and the neutralization theory. Social learning theory is when people learn techniques and attitudes about crime from close relationships with criminal peers. Social control theory suggests that everyone has the potential to become criminal, but the majority of people are controlled by their bonds to society. Social reaction theory is when people turn to crime when significant members of society label them as such, causing them to accept the labels as a personal identity. Neutralization theory suggests law violators learn to neutralize conventional values and attitudes. These attitudes cause them to drift back and forth between criminal and conventional behavior.

Sociological theories pertain to violent behavior by studying how social structures, cultural norms, and interactions within a society contribute to the overall likelihood of violence. Each theory suggests in its own way that some sort of societal change is responsible for one's progression into crime.