Components	Task 1
Task
Characteristics of surface
Suitable surface preparation method
Tools and equipment
Material requirements
WHS requirements

Work Instructions and specifications

Task:

To prepare internal surface of a solid softwood toddler stool seat.

Work specifications:

• Toddler stool dimensions:
  • Length - 33 cm
  • Width - 22 cm
  • Height - 30 cm
  • Thickness - 18 mm
• Surface material-Solid softwood
• Surface characteristics:
  • Wood Type - Pine, fine-grained with minimal knots
  • Surface Condition - Raw wood
  • Imperfections -Small knots, one natural crack
  • Moisture Content - 7% (kiln-dried)
  • Recommendation: Use of sanding sealer
• Surface preparation technique - Sanding (manual sanding)
• Surface coating material -2 coats of water-based polyurethane

Materials used:

• Sand paper
• Tack cloth
• Wood filer
• Water-based polyurethane

Tools and equipment used:

• Sand paper -Essential for manually sanding the wood surface to smooth it out.
• Sanding blocks -Useful to provide an even surface for the sandpaper, making manual sanding more effective and comfortable.
• Tack cloth -Necessary to wipe down the wood after sanding, ensuring it is free of dust and debris before applying the finish.
• Brushes -Required for applying the water-based polyurethane coating evenly across the stool surface.
• Liquid containers -Needed to hold the water-based polyurethane during the application process.
• Steel wool/ Scourers - For smoothing the polyurethane between coats and achieving a fine finish. Steel wool is particularly effective for buffing polyurethane to a high gloss.
• Cabinet scrapers - Can be used instead of or in addition to sanding blocks for fine-tuning the surface preparation on hardwood, especially effective for removing any remaining high spots or minor imperfections after initial sanding
• Wood filler -Used to fill any imperfections or gaps in the wood before sanding.
• Clamps - Useful for securing the stool while working.

Work instructions:

Step 1 -Inspect and prepare

• Begin by thoroughly inspecting the toddler stool for any sharp edges, splinters, or visible defects.
• Ensure your work area is well-ventilated, clean, and free from any dust or contaminants that might interfere with the finishing process.

Step 2 - Surface sanding

• Start with a coarse-grit sandpaper (around 80-120 grit) to remove any rough areas and to shape or smooth out any imperfections. Attach the sandpaper to a sanding block for even pressure distribution.
• Move to a medium (150-180 grit) and then a fine-grit sandpaper (220-240 grit) to further smooth the wood surface. Ensure all areas, especially the edges and corners, are evenly sanded.

Step 3 - Clean the surface

• After sanding, use a tack cloth to thoroughly wipe down the stool to remove all sanding dust and debris. This step is crucial for a clean surface, which is necessary for effective application of the finish.

Step 4 - Apply wood filler

• If there are any cracks, small holes, or imperfections, apply wood filler using a putty knife. Choose a filler that closely matches the colour of the softwood.
• Allow the filler to dry as per the manufacturer's instructions, then sand lightly with fine-grit sandpaper to create a smooth, level surface.

Step 5 - Final cleaning

• Use the tack cloth again to wipe down the stool, ensuring the removal of any particles or residue from the wood filler sanding

Step 6 - Apply water-based polyurethane

• Stir the water-based polyurethane gently to avoid creating bubbles. Use a clean liquid container to hold the polyurethane during application.
• Use a high-quality brush, apply the first coat of polyurethane. Brush along the grain of the wood, maintaining a wet edge to avoid lap marks.
• Cover the surface evenly
• Allow the coat to dry
• Once dry, assess the need for a light sanding with very fine-grit sandpaper (320 grit or higher) to remove any raised grain.

Step 7 - Additional coats

• After the first coat is fully dry and the surface is prepped, apply a second coat of polyurethane.

Step 8 - Curing and final inspection

• Allow the final coat of polyurethane to cure completely.
• Once fully cured, conduct a final inspection to ensure the finish is smooth and even, and that there are no missed spots or defects.

Step 9 - Clean-up and maintenance

• Immediately after use, remove as much polyurethane as possible from the brushes using a paper towel or a rag
• For water-based polyurethane, wash brushes with warm soapy water, making sure to rinse thoroughly until the water runs clear
• Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down the sanding blocks
• Clean any containers used for holding polyurethane with warm soapy water if they were used with water-based polyurethane
• Sweep or vacuum all sawdust and debris from the floor and work surfaces
• Properly dispose of any used sandpaper, empty polyurethane cans, and other disposable materials

Quality requirements

• The wood surface should be uniformly smooth to the touch with no rough areas
• The water-based polyurethane should be applied evenly without drips, sags, or brush marks. The coating should not pool in recesses or edges.
• The sheen of the finish should be consistent throughout the surface, providing a uniform look.
• The finish should withstand minor abrasions without showing signs of damage.
• All edges should be rounded and smooth to prevent injury.
• All dimensions and material specifications provided in the task must be strictly followed

Safety instructions

• Wear appropriate PPE
• Work in a well-ventilated area, especially when applying water-based polyurethane.
• Be mindful when using sandpaper, as it can cause skin abrasions if not handled with care
• Maintain a tidy work area to prevent accidents, such as tripping or slipping on loose materials or tools
• Before using any chemicals, read the labels for any specific hazards and recommended safety measures
• Dispose of any chemical waste or used materials like tack cloths and sandpaper according to local regulations
• Since some fumes can be flammable, keep the working area free from open flames and sources of sparks
• Inspect any tools or equipment before use to ensure they are in good working condition.