Compute direct, indirect, and total effects using an
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Compute direct, indirect, and total effects using an input-output model.
1. Use this transactions table (in millions of currency units) to answer the
following questions.
1
2
V
X
1
450
100
450
1000
2
200
600
1400
2200
Y
350
1500
X
1000
2200
a) Describe in words what the highlighted values in the table represent.
b) Generate the direct requirements matrix
c) Generate the total requirements matrix
d) For a final demand of $50 million in sector 1, find the direct and total
requirements.
2. Reconsider the washing machine homework question from Chapter 3 using
the 2002 EIOLCA purchaser price model. Assume a 10-year lifetime of each
machine without discounting. Ignore potential impacts from a disposal phase.
a) Use the $500 and $1,000 purchaser prices as inputs into the EIO-LCA
Household laundry equipment manufacturing sector to estimate the total
energy consumption and fossil CO2 emissions to manufacture the two
machines. Compare direct and indirect effects. What do the results using
these inputs suggest? b) Use the assumptions about water use to estimate the use-phase energy
and fossil CO2 emissions via input to the Water, sewage, and other
systems sector.
c) Use the assumptions about electricity use to estimate the use-phase
energy and fossil CO 2 emissions via input to the Power generation and
supply sector.
d) Create a table summarizing the results above and find total energy and
fossil CO2 emissions for the two machines. Determine the percent of
energy and fossil CO2 emissions associated with manufacturing and use
phases. What are some caveats you might want to note if presenting these
results given your use of an IO-LCA model?
Assess how an input-output model might be used as a screening tool.
3. You want to do a screening assessment of the energy needed to manufacture
two different types of plain white cotton t-shirts, one from a discount store
costing $5 and another from a specialty clothing store costing $15. What
would the results of using an IO-LCA model's apparel sector suggest about the
differences in their energy use for manufacture? What other differences are
likely in their manufacturing energy use?
