Compute the $2023$ standard deduction for the following taxpayers.

If an amount is zero, enter $"0".$

Click here to access the Exhibits $3\mathrm{.}4$ and $3\mathrm{.}5$ to use.

a$.$ Ellie is $15$ and claimed as a dependent by her parents. She has $$1,950$ in dividends income and $$3,200$ in wages from a part$-$time job.

b$.$ Ruby and Woody are married and file a joint tax return. Ruby is age $66,$ and Woody is $69.$ Their taxable retirement income is $$16,005.$

c$.$ Shonda is age $68$ and single. She is claimed by her daughter as a dependent. Her earned income is $$600,$ and her interest income is $$560.$

d$.$ Frazier, age $44,$ is married but is filing a separate return. His wife itemizes her deductions.

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A major component of the tax formula is the standard deduction. The effect of the standard deduction is to exempt part of a taxpay income from Federal income tax liability.