Computer Networks

Two remote hosts (Host A and Host B) are in the process of exchanging voice-over-IP (VoIP) traffic. The path between two hosts comprises 4 routers and 2000km of links (in total). The effective bandwidth/datarate on all links is 1Mbps, and the (bit) propagation.speed is 2108m/s. The exchanged VolP packets are 1500 bytes inng. Q 3.1 [10 points] From the perspective of a single VolP packet exchanged between Host A and Host B, what is the packet's end-to-end (i.e., network) delay? Assume the queueing and processing delay on all routers to be negligible. Q 3.2 [10 points] Now assume that, on average, each VolP packet encounters 10 other 1500 -byte packets in the queue of each of the 4 routers. (I.e., each VolP packet has to wait for 10 other packets to be transmitted from each router's queue, over the same 1Mbps outgoing link, before itself being placed on the given link.) The processing delay on each router is still negligible. What is the end-to-end delay of the exchanged Volp packets in this case? Q 3.3 [10 points] Finally, let us consider four specific VolP packets - Pkt-1, Pkt-2, Pkt-3, Pkt-4 - that were subsequently (one after another) sent from Host A to Host B: - Pkt-1 experienced no queueing delay in any of the router queues, - Pkt-2 encountered, on average, 5 packets in each router's queue, - Pkt-3 encountered, on average, 10 packets in each router's queue, - Pkt-4 experienced no queueing delay in any of the router queues. What is the jitter value observed over those four packets