Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface by Patterson & Hennessy What does an input file contain? b. a. What does an output file contain? With respect to RISC-V assembly language: a. What do x0 through x31 refer to? b. In an instruction, assume xi (i 0 to 31) would be referred to by a string of n bits. What is the smallest value 4. for n? What bit string would refer to x6? What about x11? What about x31? d. c. What bit string would refer to x0, and what is the value of x0? 5. With respect to the RISC-V assembly language instruction "ld x7, 8(x6)" and assuming x6-20, what is the address specified in the instruction? 6. A processor may be understand as having two major components. Assume that the first major component is performing an add operation because the second major component is sending an add signal to the first component. Name both the first and second major components of the processon 7. What does the word "volatile" mean in "volatile memory"? 8. Give an advantage and a disadvantage to designing a processor with a cache 9. The time to execute a workload on a computer is 10 seconds. What is the computer's performance? 10. What is a clock's period, if the clock rate is 1,000 Hz (Hz: Hertz)? 11. What is Moore's law? 12. A pipeline has a clock rate of 1 GHz. Ideally, how many instructions can the pipeline execute in 1 second if: The pipeline has 5 stages? The pipeline has 10 stages? a. b