Computer science:

$4.$ Explain how encryption ensures data security during internet transmission.

Encryption is a cryptographic technique that converts plain text data into a scrambled format known as ciphertext using an encryption key. This process ensures data security during internet transmission by making it unreadable to unauthorized parties who do not possess the decryption key. When data is encrypted before being transmitted over the internet, even if intercepted, it remains secure and confidential. Encryption helps protect sensitive information such as personal details, financial transactions, and passwords from potential eavesdroppers or cyber attackers. By implementing encryption protocols like SSL$/$TLS$,$ organizations can safeguard data integrity and confidentiality, ensuring secure communication channels for online activities.