Conceptual Understanding $(2$ points$)$:

$1-$ Define Object$-$Oriented Programming $($OOP$)$ in your own words.

$2-$ Explain why OOP is used in software development and its benefits over other programming paradigms.

Class and Object Explanation $(2$ points$)$:

$1-$ Define what a class is in Python.

$2-$ Explain what an object $($or instance$)$ of a class represents and how it differs from the class itself.

Key Principles of OOP $(3$ points$)$:

$1-$ Identify and explain at least three key principles of Object$-$Oriented Programming.

Provide a brief example or for each principle to illustrate its significance.

Inheritance and Polymorphism $(2$ points$)$:

$1-$ Define the concept of inheritance in OOP.

$2-$ Explain how polymorphism is achieved in Python through method overriding.

Real$-$world Application $(1$ point$)$:

$1-$ Research and describe one real$-$world application or example where Object$-$Oriented Programming is commonly used.