Concrete segments, each of length 26.0 m, are used to construct an overpass. (Please see the...

 

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Concrete segments, each of length 26.0 m, are used to construct an overpass. (Please see the table of thermal expansion coefficients included at the bottom of this problem.) a) How much spacing for the length of each segment (in millimeters, [mm]) is necessary to allow for expansion of the concrete due to an increase in temperature of 74.0 °C? (1 m = 10³ mm.) mm b) What is this allowed temperature increase in units of degrees Fahrenheit? °F TABLE 18.1 Average Expansion Coefficients for Some Materials Near Room Temperature Average Linear Expansion Coefficient (a) (°C) -¹ 24 x 10-6 19 x 10-6 12 x 10-6 17 x 10-6 9 x 10-6 3.2 x 10-6 0.9 × 10-6 29 x 10-6 11 x 10-6 Material (Solids) Aluminum Brass and bronze Concrete Copper Glass (ordinary) Glass (Pyrex) Invar (Ni-Fe alloy) Lead Steel Material (Liquids and Gases) Acetone Alcohol, ethyl Benzene Gasoline Glycerin Mercury Turpentine Aira at 0°C Heliumª Average Volume Expansion Coefficient (B)(°C)-¹ 1.5 X 10-4 1.12 x 10-4 1.24 x 10-4 9.6 X 10-4 4.85 X 10-4 1.82 x 10-4 9.0 × 10-4 3.67 X 10-3 3.665 × 10-3 "Gases do not have a specific value for the volume expansion coefficient because the amount of expansion depends on the type of process through which the gas is taken. The values given here assume the gas undergoes an expansion at constant pressure. Concrete segments, each of length 26.0 m, are used to construct an overpass. (Please see the table of thermal expansion coefficients included at the bottom of this problem.) a) How much spacing for the length of each segment (in millimeters, [mm]) is necessary to allow for expansion of the concrete due to an increase in temperature of 74.0 °C? (1 m = 10³ mm.) mm b) What is this allowed temperature increase in units of degrees Fahrenheit? °F TABLE 18.1 Average Expansion Coefficients for Some Materials Near Room Temperature Average Linear Expansion Coefficient (a) (°C) -¹ 24 x 10-6 19 x 10-6 12 x 10-6 17 x 10-6 9 x 10-6 3.2 x 10-6 0.9 × 10-6 29 x 10-6 11 x 10-6 Material (Solids) Aluminum Brass and bronze Concrete Copper Glass (ordinary) Glass (Pyrex) Invar (Ni-Fe alloy) Lead Steel Material (Liquids and Gases) Acetone Alcohol, ethyl Benzene Gasoline Glycerin Mercury Turpentine Aira at 0°C Heliumª Average Volume Expansion Coefficient (B)(°C)-¹ 1.5 X 10-4 1.12 x 10-4 1.24 x 10-4 9.6 X 10-4 4.85 X 10-4 1.82 x 10-4 9.0 × 10-4 3.67 X 10-3 3.665 × 10-3 "Gases do not have a specific value for the volume expansion coefficient because the amount of expansion depends on the type of process through which the gas is taken. The values given here assume the gas undergoes an expansion at constant pressure.