Confused positioning occurs when which happens?

a$.$ A product has no clear advantage or differentiation, thus failing to convey to consumers an understanding of what makes the product better.

b$.$ A product claims benefits or differentiation that no group of consumers care about

c$.$ A product is positioned by claiming too many benefits, or worse, benefits that are contradictory

d$.$ The way a product is positioned touts benefits that are simply not believable, or too good to be true.