Consider a $5-$year bond, $4\%$ bond with a face value of euro$1,000$ today at par. In one year's time, interest rates have risen to $4,5\%.$ By how much will the value of the bond have changed?

a$)22$

b$)0$

c$)-17\mathrm{.}94$

d$)+45\mathrm{.}21$

e$)-23\mathrm{.}45$

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