Question: Consider a cloud in which , , and depletion factor is 0.2 at a temperature of 200 K. Suppose the cooling occurs solely by the

Consider a cloud in which Consider a cloud in which ,, and depletion factor is 0.2 at ,, cooling of CII by collisions with hydrogen. a) Calculate the cooling time and depletion factor is 0.2 at a temperature of 200 K. Suppose the cooling occurs solely by the cooling of CII in years. b) Assume the excitation is dominated by the collision of by collisions with hydrogen.

a) Calculate the cooling time in years.

b) Assume the excitation is dominated by the collision of electrons with electrons with , then estimate the cooling time in years. Hints: 1. , then estimate the cooling time in years.

Hints: 1. Cooling time can be written as where dE/dt = the cooling rate.

2. Replace 2. Replace by in the equation. -3 n(H) = 10% = -3 by n(e) = 10 m -3 n(C+) = 4 x 10 m (C+ in the equation.

-3 n(H) = 10% = -3 n(e) = 10 m -3 n(C+) = 4 x 10 m (C+ C+ dEdt H (ne X nc+ n

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