Consider a communication network with the following architecture Client host X is connected to a server host Y via three communication links: a client access link with transmission bit rate R=R bits, a backbone link with transmission bit rate R2 = 10R bit/s, and a server access link with transmission bit rate R3-Rbit/s. That is, there are two routers between host X and host Y Each access link has a distance (length) of d meters, while the backbone link has a length of 20d meters. The routers interconnecting the communication links have unlimited buffer capacity and negligible nodal processing delay In the following sub-problems a), b), and c), we examine the transmission of a file of size Fbits with different transmission protocols over the described network architecture Aside from our examined transmission of the file of size F bits, there are no other traffic flows in the considered network a) Consider message switching, e., the entire file is transmitted as one large packet. How long does it take to transmit the file? b) Consider packet switching, i.e. the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, i.e. there are F/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer) Packet header bits are negligible. How long does it take to transmit the file? Consider packet transmission without window- based flow congestion control, ie the client host can send an unlimited number of packets into the network How long does it take to transmit the file? c) Consider packet Switching, i.e. the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, ie there are E/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer). Packet header bits are negligible Consider packet transmission with a window-based flow congestion control with a window size of one packel i.e. the client host can send only one packet into the network before it has to stop to wait for an acknowledgement from the server. There are no packet losses in the network, and acknowledgements have negligible transmission delay (but incur the propagation delays) How long does it take to transmit the file? d) Consider circuit switching with a circuit transmission bit rate of Rbit/s. Assume that the circuit set up time is ts seconds. How long does it take to transmit the file? Consider a communication network with the following architecture Client host X is connected to a server host Y via three communication links: a client access link with transmission bit rate R=R bits, a backbone link with transmission bit rate R2 = 10R bit/s, and a server access link with transmission bit rate R3-Rbit/s. That is, there are two routers between host X and host Y Each access link has a distance (length) of d meters, while the backbone link has a length of 20d meters. The routers interconnecting the communication links have unlimited buffer capacity and negligible nodal processing delay In the following sub-problems a), b), and c), we examine the transmission of a file of size Fbits with different transmission protocols over the described network architecture Aside from our examined transmission of the file of size F bits, there are no other traffic flows in the considered network a) Consider message switching, e., the entire file is transmitted as one large packet. How long does it take to transmit the file? b) Consider packet switching, i.e. the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, i.e. there are F/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer) Packet header bits are negligible. How long does it take to transmit the file? Consider packet transmission without window- based flow congestion control, ie the client host can send an unlimited number of packets into the network How long does it take to transmit the file? c) Consider packet Switching, i.e. the file is broken up into packets, each packet with P information bits, ie there are E/P packets (whereby we assume that F/P is an integer). Packet header bits are negligible Consider packet transmission with a window-based flow congestion control with a window size of one packel i.e. the client host can send only one packet into the network before it has to stop to wait for an acknowledgement from the server. There are no packet losses in the network, and acknowledgements have negligible transmission delay (but incur the propagation delays) How long does it take to transmit the file? d) Consider circuit switching with a circuit transmission bit rate of Rbit/s. Assume that the circuit set up time is ts seconds. How long does it take to transmit the file