Consider a knowledge base with these facts: There is a dog called Shadow. John gave Shadow to Mary. If Shadow is male, Mary gave a smartphone to John. If Shadow is female, Mary gave John a laptop. John only gives male dogs to people. Mary gave John a laptop.

Convert the above knowledge-base to a first-order logic knowledge base.

For each predicate, function, constant, or variable that you use, explicitly state:

1. What type of entity it is (is it a predicate, function, constant, or variable).

2. What its semantics are (what it means).