Consider five philosopher who spend their lives thinking and eating. The philosophers share a circular table surrounded by five chairs, each belonging to one philosopher. In the center of the table is a bowl of rice, and the table is laid with five single chopsticks $($figure$).$

Dining Philosophers Problem

Examine the series of actions that each philosopher must undertake within the context of the Dining Philosophers problem. Identify the challenges inherent in this scenario and outline the problems that may arise during the dining process. Define the conditions under which a deadlock might occur and propose strategies for handling such situations. Explore the potential difficulties and trade$-$offs associated with employing various process synchronization techniques to address this problem. Additionally, provide a solution implementation for the Dining Philosophers problem.