Question: Consider scenario and state whether variable in question is a confounder.Choices are yes, no and can't tell. b.case control study, relationship between cigarette smoking and

Consider scenario and state whether variable in question is a confounder.Choices are yes, no and can't tell.

b.case control study, relationship between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer.In the study, coffee drinking is associated with smoking and is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer among both smokers and non smokers.Is coffee drinking a confounder?

c.a study of relationship between exercise and heart attaches conducted among men who do not smoke.Is gender a confounder?

d.cohort study of risk of liver cirrhosis among female alcoholics.Incidence rates of cirrhosis among alcoholic women are compared with those among non-acholic women.non alcoholics are individually matched to alcoholics on month and year of birth.Is age a confounder in this study?

e.study of relationship between air pollution and asthma among children.Crude and race adjusted risk ratios are both 2.0.is race a confounder in the study?

f.case control study of uterine fibroids in relation to use of oral contraceptives.In this study population, cigarette smoking is associated with uterine fibroids among contraceptive users and non users and is not on the causal pathway between contraceptives and the occurrence of fibroids.Is cigarette smoking a confounder inn this study?

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