Consider the following pseudocode:

int i;

int a$[3]$;

void fun$($int x$,$ int y$)\{$

x $=$ x $+$ y;

y $=$ x $-$ y;

x $=$ x $-$ y;

i $=0$;

$\}$

main$()\{$

i $=0$;

a$[0]=1$; a$[1]=2$; a$[2]=3$;

fun$($i$,$ a$[$i$])$;

println$($i$,$ a$[0],$ a$[1],$ a$[2])$;

$\}$

For each of the following parameter$-$passing methods, what would the code print?

$($a$)$ pass$-$by$-$value

$($b$)$ pass$-$by$-$value$-$result

$($c$)$ pass$-$by$-$reference

$($d$)$ pass$-$by$-$name