Consider the plaintext MONSOON. In the following ciphers, when needed, use a suitable sequence of Xs (X, XX, XXX, ....) for padding. First, encrypt the plaintext with a 2-stage columnar transposition cipher, both times with the key 2431 to produce the preliminary ciphertext prelimC = Write it without spaces. Then, encrypt prelim with the Playfair cipher with keyword VIEWER to produce the final ciphertext C = Write it without spaces