Consider the principles and methodologies applied in the design and analysis of reinforced concrete structures. Discuss in detail the various factors that influence the selection of materials, the determination of loads, and the safety considerations that must be incorporated into the design process. Your answer should include an explanation of the different types of loads $($dead loads, live loads, environmental loads$)$ and how they are accounted for in the design calculations. Additionally, elaborate on the role of load factors and resistance factors in ensuring the structural integrity and safety of the constructed elements. Describe the process of selecting appropriate reinforcement for various structural components such as beams, columns, and slabs, including the consideration of factors like bending moments, shear forces, and deflection limits$.$ Furthermore, discuss the importance of adhering to relevant building codes and standards in the design process and the potential consequences of non$-$compliance. Finally, explain how advances in materials science and computational techniques are shaping the future of reinforced concrete design in civil engineering.