Consumerism is $a(n)$ :

a$.$ policy that supports the use of patents, copyrights, and trademarks to protect intellectual property.

b$.$ movement created by marketers aimed at encouraging consumers to practice ethical purchase behaviour.

c$.$ idea which promotes ethnocentric views that make another country's products "outgroup" products.

d$.$ movement created by industry intended to increase its ethical image.

e$.$ social movement aimed at protecting consumers from business practices that infringe upon their rights.