Coverage by these stakeholders plays a large role in shaping individual decisions about diagnostic and treatment choices. Where does unclear or conflicting evidence cause difficulty in making decisions about what to pay for? Where do new technology or new uses of technology raise questions about what constitutes a standard of care? What research is or could be funded?

The above represents the perspective of which stakeholders?

Select one answer

a$)$

Health care industry and industry associations

b$)$

Clinicians and their professional associations

c$)$

Health care researchers and research institutions

d$)$

Health care institutions, such as hospital systems and medical clinics, and their associations

e$)$

Consumers, patients, caregivers, and patient advocacy organizations

f$)$

Purchasers and payers, such as employers and public and private insurers

g$)$

Health care policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels