Cozby Chapter 13

1. Define inferential statistics
2. Define population parameters and sample statistic
3. What is the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics? Descriptive statistics ________, while inferential statistics ________.
4. Distinguish between the null hypothesis and research hypothesis
5. The statement that the independent variable had no effect is called the ________ hypothesis
6. A researcher interested in the use of discipline practices by males versus females predicted that men would use poweroriented practices more frequently than women. The research or experimental hypothesis would be that.....
7. What is meant by statistical significance?
8. Define probability
9. Define the alpha level
10. Distinguish between Type I and Type II errors
11. What is a sampling distribution?
12. When the t-test is most commonly used?
13. When the analysis of variance is most commonly used?
14. Fully explain this statement "The decision to reject the null hypothesis is based on probabilities rather than on certainties" (Cozby page 258-259). Explain the decision matrix shown in figure 13.2 (Cozby page 259)
15. Explain the logic of using null hypothesis and research hypothesis
16. Explain the logic of inferential statistics
17. Explain the statistical significance and the alpha levels
18. Explain the everyday context of Type I and Type II errors of "the juror's decision and the decision of a doctor to operate or not to operate" page 260-261 figures 13.3 and 13.4
19. Explain when a researcher should use .05 or .01 significance level in the decision to reject the null hypothesis
20. Selecting the appropriate significance test depends on (page 262)
21. What is the appropriate significance test for interval or ratio level data (for more than two groups).
22. The larger the t or F ratio, the more likely the results are _____.