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Code-Switching the Bad and the Bad

What is code-switching and what effect can it have on you? There are upsides and downsides to code-switching, but are the upsides actually upsides? Courtney L. McCluney, Kathrina Robotham, Serenity Lee, Richard Smith, and Myles Durkee - the authors of The Cost of Code-switching - give a detailed analysis of code-switching and why they believe that code switching is one of the key dilemmas that black employees face around race at work and often comes at a great psychological cost. The authors build their credibility by first giving a clear example of code-switching using a gif and two other pictures, also by giving in depth analysis on why code-switching is used, as well as using research effectively in the form of anecdotes and statistics to support their claims, another thing they did that really caught my attention is they actually did their own research on this topic in the form of online surveys, this to me further strengthens their argument and more importantly their ethos.

The authors start the article by showing a gif of former President Barack Obama in the locker room for team USA basketball in 2012. In the gif President Obama clearly greets the white assistant coach differently than the black NBA player Kevin Durant. This gif is important because it is a clear example of what code switching is. They also explain it to make sure the reader understands what exactly it is they are talking about when they say code-switching. This is one of three visual aids to help the reader understand. The other two are similar in concept they are made by Oliv Barros, one is called Altar Particular, and the other is Amarelo e Rosa, these pictures have images of people of color in them both have some elements of black and white and some elements of color, these photos are perfect examples of how the article describes code-switching, the black and white represent the person after code-switching to fit in or be perceived as professional you can see in the faces that are black and white they look sad or like they are holding something in. The colored portion of the images represent the freedom of being yourself in any environment in the photo Altar Particular, there is alot of black and white faces that look sad, but the face in the middle is open and there is color and a man who seems to be very happy like the real him is allowed to come out.

In the article the authors appeal to the readers intrinsic ethos through the pictures mentioned earlier. They do this by not only giving you a gif and a brief explanation of what code-switching is, here is an example:

code-switching involves adjusting ones style of speech, appearance, behavior, and expression in ways that will optimize the comfort of others in exchange for fair treatment, quality service, and employment opportunities. Research suggests that code-switching often occurs in spaces where negative stereotypes of black people run counter to what are considered appropriate behaviors and norms for a specific environment.

This is a very in depth definition and also includes some research that kind of paves the way for the article. After this quote you find the two photos that sum up not only what code switching is but also the effect it has and it is beautifully portrayed through the art in the form of colors and how visible the negative emotions of the people are in the picture when they are in black and white.

The authors also appeal to the readers pathos by stating that code-switching may have some psychological repercussions as people who do code-switch may be that they are acting white. Trying to navigate their way around these stereotypes can be very exhausting causing their job performance to suffer as a result, acting not like yourself can also lead to burnout. These are emotionally charged phrases which are important because they make you feel for the people who have to go through this especially looking at it from the perspective of somebody who is not the intended audience, this i still a good informational tool to help you see something you may not have noticed or may have had no sympathy towards the psychological toll code switching can have on a person. All of these words and phrases paint a negative picture on code switching. These words and phrases appeal to the readers pathos by putting code-switching in a negative context which most readers after reading the article will think why should i have to do this just to be taken seriously which is very effective because not only is it informing the reader but is also trying to relate to the emotions a reader might feel.

Furthermore the authors appeal to the readers logos by stating research that supports their claims for example: research conducted in schools suggests that black students selectively code-switch between standard English in the classroom and African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) with their peers, which elevates their social standing with each intended audience. Not only do they give you this information which is a great example of code switching but they then state that: If leaders are truly seeking to promote inclusion and address social inequality, they must begin by understanding why a segment of their workforce believes that they cannot truly be themselves in the office. This to me is a great quote, one that will really appeal to a reader and get them thinking, this to me is worded so well and really makes a great point that can't really be argued with.

The authors are consistent throughout the article in informing readers of what code switching is and the positive and negative effects. But the authors always have claims to paint code switching in a negative light for example; saying that code-switching may help you get through work or get along with co-workers but it comes at the cost of potential burnout from not being your true self. I think by far the best part of this article is how they explain code-switching through a gif then through words and then through the two pictures. I think the implementation of the two pictures shows how educated on this topic the authors are because I don't think they could have found a better picture to represent code switching and the negative effect that it has.