Create New Variables

$5\mathrm{.}1.$ Create a forecast bias variable

This can be calculated as forecasted earnings minus the actual earnings per share

Name the variable bias

Question:

This variable can be positive or negative. In terms of optimism versus pessimism, what does a positive value indica

$[73]$: chester$[\text{'}$bias$\text{'}]=$ chester$[\text{'}$value$\text{'}]-$chester$[\text{'}$actual$\text{'}]$