CSE $1384-$ Stacks and Queues

Lab $8$

Objectives:

Continue practicing past concepts

Practice using stacks and queues in $C++$

Background:

This week's lab will involve octal to decimal conversion. As such, here's some

background$/$explanation as to how that works if you haven't worked with it before.

Assume you have a four digit octal number $-$ starting from the RIGHT$-$most digit, this will start at

$8^0$ and work your way up from $0,$ for every consecutive digit. So$,$ four digits will have a

LEFT$-$most digit that represents $8^3.$ This adjusts for every size, where your left$-$most digit ends

up representing $2$ brought to the power of the size $-1.$ A diagram of this concept is found below.

For octal, digits can take the form of limited decimal values: $0-7.$ PLEASE NOTE: $8$ is not valid.

Now, for conversion, you're adding the coinciding $8$ exponentials multiplied by the digit in the

exponent's location. For a couple of examples:Please find further resources on octal to decimal conversion here:

Octal to Decimal video

Converter $($to double check your numbers$)$

Assignment:

You'll be given a starting point of stack. $h$ and node. $h-$ your job is to complete all of the

functions in a stack.cpp file of your creation. Do NOT change either header file $-$ your

functions must adhere to the standards set in the headers. Note: the remove function returns an

item. This should be returning the data that was contained at the node that was deleted. Create

the add$/$remove functions in a way that adheres to STACK principles.

main.cpp:

This is where you'll need to use your stack to perform octal conversion. A lot of this design wise

is left up to you $($you can use functions to aid you, or not$).$ However, you must fulfill these items:

Ask for an initial octal number

Display the finalized conversion result

Ask the user if they'd like to enter another octal

Validate a yes$/$no answer

Loop accordingly

Notice, the conversion itself will happen in main. You're using the stack to aid you in doing so$.$

To be compatible with the Stack class, you should be taking your user input in as a string and

iterating through each character to add an individual character to your stack.

A function in a provided main.cpp has been supplied to verify that your strings adhere to octal

standards. You MUST use this function $-$ user input should be verifiably an octal number before

conversion is attempted.

Hints:

In order to do exponents, you can use the cmath library through: #include FULL process working together

Welcome to octal to decimal conversion.

Enter in a octal number to convert: $36$

Your number converted is: $30$

Would you like to enter another octal number $($yes$/$no$)?$ yes

Enter in a octal number to convert: $3312$

Your number converted is: $1738$

Would you like to enter another octal number $($yes$/$no$)?$ no

Good$-$bye! Node.h code

#ifndef NODE$\_$H

#define NODE$\_$H

class Node

$\{$

public:

char data;

Node $*$next;

$//$ zero constructor

Node$()$

$\{$

data $=\text{'}\text{'}$;

next $=$ nullptr;

$\}$

Node$($char data, Node $*$next$)$

$\{$

this$->$data $=$ data;

this$->$next $=$ next;

$\}$;

$\}$;

#endif $//$ NODE$\_$H

Stack.h code

#include "node.h$"$

#ifndef STACK$\_$H

#define STACK$\_$H

class Stack

$\{$

private:

int size;

Node $*$head$,*$tail;

public:

Stack$()$;

~Stack$()$;

void add$($char item$)$;

char remove$()$;

$\}$;

#endif $//$ STACK$\_$H

main cpp

#include

#include

#include

#include "stack.h$"$

using namespace std;

string verifyValidOct$($string oct$)$;

int main$()$

$\{$

return $0$;

$\}$

string verifyValidOct$($string oct$)$

$\{$

$//$ finds the index of the first character that doesn't match this set

$//$ if there's no character not in the set it returns $-1$

int num $=$ oct.find$\_$first$\_$not$\_$of$("01234567")$;

$//$ runs while a char other than what we want is present

while$($num $>-1)$

$\{$

$//$ error message

cout $$ endl $$ "Error. An invalid character was present in the octal number." $$ endl;

cout $$ "Please try again with characters $0-7$ only." $$ endl;

$//$ and new input

cout $$ endl $$ "Enter in a octal number to convert: $"$;

getline$($cin$,$ oct$)$;

$//$ retests...

num $=$ oct.find$\_$first$\_$not$\_$of$("01234567")$;

$\}$

$//$ returns validated number

return oct;

$\}$