Customization occurs when

Select one:

a. Products or services are world-class, suitable for most markets

b.

Products or services are offered on a made-to-order basis

c. Products or services are developed with several options

d. None of the above

Generally speaking, products are characterized by immediate consumption.

Select one:

True

False

A distinction between normal goods and information/knowledge is that

Select one:

a.

Normal goods wear out, but information/knowledge does not

b. Information/knowledge can be given or sold to many others

c.

Information/knowledge is subject to diminishing returns, but physical outputs are subject to increasing returns

d.

Both A and B

As an alternative to research, industries where bringing a product to market is extremely expensive (for example, high technology or pharmaceuticals) tend to adapt the imitation strategy.

Select one:

True

False

A system is defined as a purposeful collection of people, objects, and procedures for operating within an environment.

Select one:

True

False

A type of output that commonly results from a production system is:

Select one:

a. A product

b. A service

c. Neither A nor B

d. Both A and B

Bartmess and Cerny (1996) identify three elements of a core capability that hinders imitation; which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Select one:

a.

It is complex and requires organizational learning over a period of time

b.

It is based on multiple functional areas, both internal and external to the organization

c.

It is a result of how the functions interact

d.

It is based on the skills/knowledge within the functions themselves