Cyber warfare involves the actions by a nation$-$state or international organization to attack and attempt to damage another nation's computers or information networks through, for example, computer viruses or denial$-$of$-$service attacks. RAND research provides recommendations to military and civilian decision$-$makers on defending against the damaging effects of Cyber warfare on a nation's digital infrastructure. Cyber warfare's harm could include disrupting vital computer systems up to the loss of life. And the hope is that practical cyber threat intelligence tools can reduce the damage done by these attacks. In Cyber warfare, cyber$-$attacks harm crucial systems, spread disinformation, and upset economies and society. Hacking, malware, and Distributed Denial of Service $($DDoS$)$ are all examples of Cyber warfare attacks. Cyber attackers commonly target essential infrastructures, including fuel companies, utility companies, financial institutions, and governments. These same attackers aim to disrupt critical systems, steal sensitive data, or destroy the very structures that support most modern economic systems. Cyber warfare scenarios may involve hacking virtual networks to gain unauthorized access and obtain data or plant viruses. Viruses may damage, destroy, or seize control of computer systems, jeopardizing government, private, and public infrastructure. Distributed denial of service assaults, which overwhelm systems with fake requests, may hinder military operations and other vital services. Ransomware attacks are also used in Cyber warfare. A ransomware attack locks legitimate users out of computer systems until they pay a ransom. North Korea and Iran have used a ransomware attack to cause conflict in other countries, disrupt vital modern services, and spread propaganda. Cyber espionage is another cyber warfare tactic that steals sensitive information from the computer networks of a target country. Intelligence may target military systems, personnel management, and corporate secrets$.$ A cyber conflict may damage the target country and global networks like financial and stock markets and payment systems. To protect computers and critical facilities, national cyber command centers and international cybersecurity initiatives must adapt to the expanding complexity of cyber weapons and assault strategies.