Data analysis- below are the steps to complete the data analysis worksheet 1. Open the data worksheet and data link (in the data worksheet) 2. Make a copy for yourself- do this by clicking File- Make a copy Data

Variable:	Age	Anxious	Happy	Sense of purpose	Memory
Unit:	Years	1 to 7, 7 meaning extremely anxious	1 to 7, 7 meaning extremely happy	1 to 7, 7 meaning extremely strong sense of purpose	1 to 7, 7 meaning extremely strong memory functioning
Survey question:	What is your age?	On a scale of 1 to 7, how anxious are you, on average?	On a scale of 1 to 7, how happy are you, on average?	On a scale of 1 to 7, how strong is your sense of purpose?	On a scale of 1 to 7, how strong is your memory functioning, on average?
1	51	1	5	6	5
2	50	2	6	5	6
3	56	3	5	7	6
4	45	7	7	7	6
5	75	1	5	6	6
6	22	3	4	4	6
7	21	2	4	6	6
8	19	5	3	4	4
9	41	5	4	7	5
10	41	4	4	4	5
11	47	2	5	7	4
12	21	1	7	7	6
14	57	7	5	4	4
15	55	2	5	4	5
16	47	5	6	6	6
17	31	1	5	6	4
18		1	5	6	7
19	22	3	5	4	5
20	24	2	5	5	7
21	25	2	5	5	6
22	44	2	6	7	7
23	21	4	6	4	6
24	45	5	2	7	4
25	21	5	4	6	6
26	45	6	5	4	4
27	28	3	5	5	6
28	19	6	5	3	4
29	33	1	6	7	5
30	30	4	5	7	6
31	29	3	5	7	6
32		2	6	5	6
33	49	7	5	3	7
34	27	4	6	2	5
36	22	5	6	5	6
37	20	5	6	7	4
38	49	1	7	7	7
39	57	2	7	7	6
40	29	1	5	6	5
41	41	4	6	7	4
42	33	6	2	7	4
43	31	6	5	6	3
44	36	1	6	6	5
45	32	3	4	5	2
46	36	3	6	6	5
47	33	4	7	7	6
48	33	2	5	7	6
49	60	1	4	6	5
50	40	5	6	6	7
51	60	4	4	3	5
52	53	4	6	6	5
53	37	5	5	6	4
54	19	5	5	4	4
55	52	5	7	7	5
56	49	4	7	7	7
57		2	5	6	5
58	47	3	5	6	4
59	40	6	5	5	5
60	55	7	1	1	1
61	33	4	5	5	6
62	40	5	5	5	4
63	35	5	4	4	5
64	59	6	5	5	3
65	26	5	5	5	6
66	45	5	5	6	6
67	44	4	5	6	5
68	38	1	6	7	7
69	48	1	7	7	7
70	57	3	7	7	5
71	49	2	7	7	5
72	53	2	6	6	6
73	59	3	6	6	6
74	55	4	6	5	7
75	34	5	3	4	7
76	19	7	1	5	3
77	33	3	6	7	2
78	42	7	3	3	5
79	22	6	3	2	4
80	57	6	5	6	6
81	58	2	5	6	6
82	69	5	3	1	4
83	69	6	4	3	3
84	82	1	7	5	5
85	63	5	4	7	4
86	21	1	7	5	7
87	21	3	6	4	5
88	30	3	6	6	7
89	27	3	4	7	4
90	50	4	7	6	6
91	46	2	5	7	6
92	48	5	6	5	7
93	41	5	3	7	6
94	45	1	7	6	7
95	66	4	6	7	4
96	29	4	5	4	4
97	56	2	5	6	5
98	36	5	5	5	6
99	32	3	7	7	6
100	32	6	6	5	5
101	32	3	3	3	3
102	20	5	4	5	7
103	21	4	4	7	5
104	18	2	4	5	4
105	18	6	2	4	1
106	22	3	5	5	5
107	19	5	6	3	6
108	33	5	4	5	5
109	33	3	5	6	7
110	37	4	6	6	5
111	28	5	5	5	2
112	31	4	5	6	3
113	36	5	6	5	2
114	57	2	6	7	6
115	25	5	2	1	4
116	27	4	4	6	4
117	24	7	3	1	3
118	24	2		6	7
119	43	4	5	3	4
120	31	6	5	5	5
121	26	7	3	1	3
122	18	4	5	6	6
123	50	1	7	7	5
124	40	5	5	5	4
125	52	4	5	6	5
126	24	4	4	7	3
127	24	4	7	7	7
128	34	5	6	7
129	34	2	6	7	7
130	28	3	7	6	6
131	48	4	5	5	5
132	27	2	5	7	5
134	33	6	5	4	3
135	22	7	5	4	5
136	31	4	7	5	4
137	19	1	5	4	4
138	59	1	6	6	5
139	20	3	4	6	1
140	21	2	6	5	5
141	20	3	6	4	5
142	38	4	6	6	6
143	38	2	4	7	7
144	35	4	5	7	6
145	74	1	7	7	6
146	32	2	4	6	5
147	34	5	5	4	2
148	54	7	5	7	4
149	35	3	6	7	5
150	25	5	6	7	5
151	21	4	6	7	5
152	30	4	6	6	6
153	36	3	6	7	6
154	24	4	6	5	5
155	26	6	3	7	7
156	23	5	5	5	6
157	26	7	4	7	4
158	34	3	5	6	5
159	58	4	6	7	5
160	21	4	5	2	5
161	37	2	6	6	6
162	36	7	5	4	4
163	61	2	6	7	6
164	33	3	5	6	6
165	60	1	5	6	3
166	20	3	6	7	6
167	23	6	4	4	4
168	60	5	5	6	7
169	36	5	4	7	4
170	18	3	4	5	6
171	21	7	5	5	3
172	20	5	4	4	4
173	21	4	4	3	3
174	32	1	4	7	7
175	21	5	4		4
176	28	6	4	1	3
177	21	5	6	4	5
178	57	5	7	7	7
179	65	1	7	7	7
180	24	2	6	1	6
181	24	2	6	5	6
182	21	6	5	6	4
183	24	4	6	4	5
184	22	6	7	5	3
185	43	1	7	6	4
186		7	3	7	5
187	52	7	4	5	4
188	60	3	5	4	4
189	35	2	5	7	6
190	24	7	3	2	5
191	68	2	3	1	4
192	59	4	3	4	5
193	24	7	4	5	4
194	58	5	5	6	5
195	45	7	5	5	4
196	20	3	4	4	7
197	85	1	3	5	7
198	67	5	4	4	2
199	30	7	4	5	3
200	39	3	4	7	7
201	22	5	6	6	4
202	23	7	7	7	7
203	25	3	5	5	4
204	45	4	4	6	6
205	21	2	3	5	6
207	21	5	3	5	6
209	20	3	6	7	3
210	23	3	6	6	6
211	20	7	5	6	5
212	24	6	4	3	3
213	22	5	3	3	2
214	59	2	7	7	3
215	36	4	6	7	6
216	24	5	6	5	6
217	59	1	7	7	7
219	37	1	6	4	6
220	37	4	6	7	7
221	35	5	5	7	5
222	27	2	5	4	6
223	21	7	5	4	5
224	19	5	3	4	3
225	52	5	5	5	3
226	53	5	5	6	3
227	26	5	6	4	4
228	19	4	6	6	4
229	49	5	3	7	7
230	19	1	7	6	7
231	22	5	5	6	5
232	21	6	1	4	5
233	25	2	6	6	7
234	60	1	6	7	5
235	63	1	7	6	7
236	25		4	6	6
237	40	5	5	4	4
238	22	5	5	4	4
239	22	6	5	5	6
240	21	4	6	7	3
241	60	3	6	7	7
242	60	7	7	7	7
243	55	2	7	7	7
244	27	5	3	4	6
245	24	5	5	5	5
246	21	4	5	4	4
247	30	4	7	7	6
248	58	6	5	7	6
249	34	7	4	7	7
250	30	5	5	6	4
251	85	7	7	7	3
252	48	5	5	7	6
253	31	4	6	7	3
254		4	5	5	4
255	45	6		5	5
256	20	5	2	5	4
257	34	1	7	7	6
258	21	3	5	7	4
259	36	3	3	7	6
260	20	3	6	7	6
261	20	2	6	7	7
262	57	5	5	4	5
263	20	4	5	7	7
264	21	7	7	7	7
265	71	5	4	3	4
266	48	5	7	7	7
267	42	5	6	7	7
268	20	3	5	4	4
269	37	7	3	3	7
270	61	3	5	7	5
271	21	4	5	2	5
273	53	4	6	4	3
274	25	5	4	3	6
275	59	6	6	7	7
276	44	5	7	7	4
277	61	3	6	7	6
278	59	5	6	7	6
279	61	1	7	7	5
280	55	3	5	6	7
281	63	2	2	3	4
282	36	1	6	7	7
283
284	31	4	4	5	5
285	35	1	5	6	5
286	45	5	6	4	5
287	22	3	7	5	4
288	43	5	6	7	4

a. You can then continue to work in Google Sheets, or if you prefer, download the file as an Excel file 3. Find your two variables and take note of what columns they are in. These are the only two columns you will need to use in this file. a. For example, if you are asking a research question about the relationship between age and anxiety ("do we become less anxious with age?"), the two columns for your variables are columns B and C (the very top, above row 1, shows the column letters). 4. Note the information in the blue, green, and yellow rows (rows 1, 2, and 3- row numbers are listed on the far left). Row 1 (blue) is the variable name, row 2 (green) is the measurement (unit) used to measure the variable, and row 3 (yellow) is the survey question we used to collect the data, a. For example, column D is variable "Happy," we asked "On a scale of 1 to 7, how happy are you, on average? ", and the unit/ measurement out of 7, with 7 meaning extremely happy b. Pay attention to that information for your two variables. 5. In the Google spreadsheet (data), scroll down to the bottom of the data. The data starts in row 4. Look to see what row the data ends and write down that number (285) a. Identify the data that is relevant to your variables. For example, if one of your variables is anxiety, then your data is in cells (boxes) C4 through C285. When we run our data analysis, it will be useful to have this information. The tests (functions) we will run for data analysis will use that information. For example, to calculate a mean (average) for the anxiety variable, we will type into the spreadsheet " =Average(C4:C285))" to tell us the average anxiety- the average of all the data in cells (boxes) C4 through C285.. This means that cell C4 (column C, row 4) is the first item of data in the anxiety variable, and cell C285 (column C, row 285) is the last item of data in the anxiety variable. 7. You will calculate the means of both of your variables, and the correlation between them. In blackboard, there are several videos you can watch to see how this is done. I've also made two videos: Calculating the means: https://youtu.be/fy3aeCbA2tI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVll247FEio Calculating the correlations: https://youtu.be/7HRbQyaYzAM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omIT5V7naqM

8. To calculate your means, first find your two variables. Scroll to the bottom of the data under one of the variables, and enter the following formula into an empty cell (empty box): =average(C4:C285) - this is the average for anxiety Then replace the "B"s in the above formula with the column letter for your variable. For example, if you are looking at the variable "age"- replace the "C"s with "B"s- as such: =average(B4:B285) Do the same with your second variable. These are your means- the averages for those two variables. You can also simply copy and paste the formula from columnC to column B, and it should automatically correct the letters to reflect the correct columns.

9. To calculate your correlations, again scroll to the bottom of the data, and enter the following formula into an empty cell (empty box): =correl(C4:C285, B4:B285) (this is the correlation between anxiety and age) And again replace the "Cs and "B"s in the above formula with the column letters for your variables. For example, if you are looking at the variables "age"- and "happiness," replace the letters as such: =correl(B4:B285, D4:D285)

10. You now have your r value (correlation)- interpret as described below:

Your r value (correlation) will land somewhere on the above number line, from -1.00 to 1.00. If you have a negative r value, then the closer it is to -1.00, the stronger the correlation (for example, a -0.80 is stronger than a -0.40). If you have a positive r value, then the closer it is to 1.00, the stronger the correlation (for example, a 0.80 is stronger than a -0.40). 0 to 0.30 is weak, 0.31 to 0.60 is moderate, and 0.61 and larger is strong For purposes of our research project, negative r values that are equal to or larger than -0.10 will be considered significant (a relationship between the variables). For example, a -0.13 is considered significant, but a -0.05 is considered no relationship (not significant). For purposes of our research project, positive r values that are equal to or larger than 0.10 will be considered significant (a relationship between the variables). For example, a 0.13 is considered significant, but a 0.05 is considered no relationship (not significant).

11. Enter this information into the data analysis worksheet.

The steps for a scatterplot in Google Sheets Select the columns (click on letters at top of column) of the variables you want to include (your two variables). Click on the first column, then hold down the CTRL button while you click the second. This should highlight both columns. At the top of the page, click on Insert-chart This will create a chart- but often not the type we need- the next steps will help you create a scatterplot. In the chart editor (which will pop up on the right, click on Chart type - scatter) In the chart editor, scroll down to see the the areas that say X-axis and Series Make sure that in each box (x-axis and series), you have listed one of your variables. For example, the age variable in one, and the self-esteem variable in the other. (you can click on the three dots in each box and add the variable - make sure just one variable in each box). To add the trendline- Click on Customize (top of the chart editor), then go to the section labeled Series, and scroll down to find Trendline. To add titles to the axes (for example, so that the chart says "Self-esteem" and "Age" on the X- and Y-axes, go to your scatterplot. Click on the numbers on the vertical (up and down) axis, then right click. Click on chart and axis titles- vertical axis title. You can then type in the title (for example, "self-esteem"). Then do the same thing to add a horizontal axis title- click on the numbers along the bottom of the chart (the horizontal axis), then right click, click chart and axis titles- horizontal axis. You can then add the title (in this example, "age") Feel free to play around with the customize editor, changing colors, size, adding an overall title, etc.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:

whats your research question?

2. Your two variables- name them, explain how they were measured (the survey question, and the unit) and what columns are they in?

3. Means (averages) of your two variables: (name them and provide the mean, including the units)

4a. Correlation: What is the r value? (correlation value)

4b. Is this a strong, moderate, or weak relationship?

4c. What is the direction of the relationship, positive or negative?

4d. Is the r value significant/ meaningful? In other words, if a positive correlation, is it r=.10 or larger? Or if a negative correlation, is it r= -.10 or larger?

5. Describe this relationship in words. For example, if you found a significant, negative correlation between age and subjective health, you could say that as people are older, they report having worse health. If you found no significant correlation between education and fear of heights, you could say that there is no relationship between education and fear of heights.