Debt (or leverage) management ratios Companies have the opportunity to use varying amounts of different sources of financing, including internal and external sources, to acquire their assets, debt (borrowed) funds, and equity funds. Company A uses long-term debt to finance its assets, and company B uses capital generated from shareholders to finance its assets. Which company would be considered a financially leveraged firm? Company A Company B Which of the following is true about the leveraging effect? Using leverage reduces a firm’s potential for gains and losses. Using leverage can generate shareholder wealth, but if a company fails to make the interest and principal payments on its debt, credit default can reduce shareholder wealth. Green Penguin Pencil Company has a total asset turnover ratio of 8.50x, net annual sales of $40 million, and operating expenses of $18 million (including depreciation and amortization). On its balance sheet and income statement, respectively, it reported total debt of $2.50 million on which it pays a 11% interest rate. To analyze a company’s financial leverage situation, you need to measure the firm’s debt management ratios. Based on the preceding information, what are the values for Green Penguin Pencil’s debt management ratios? Ratio Value Debt ratio Times-interest-earned ratio The US tax structure influences a firm’s willingness to finance with debt. The tax structure more debt.