Question: def count _ participation _ ways ( N , M , constraints ) : # Create a list to represent participation status of students participation

def count_participation_ways(N, M, constraints):
# Create a list to represent participation status of students
participation =[False]*(N +1)
# Create a set of pairs of students who don't wish to participate together
disallowed_pairs = set()
for a, b in constraints:
disallowed_pairs.add((a, b))
disallowed_pairs.add((b, a))
# Function to backtrack and count participation ways
def backtrack(student):
if student == N +1:
return 1
total_ways =0
for i in range(student, N +1):
if not participation[i]:
valid = True
for j in range(1, i):
if participation[j] and (j, i) in disallowed_pairs:
valid = False
break
if valid:
participation[i]= True
total_ways += backtrack(student +1)
participation[i]= False
return total_ways
# Start backtracking from the first student
ways = backtrack(1)
return ways
# Reading input
N, M = map(int, input().split())
constraints =[]
for _ in range(M):
a, b = map(int, input().split())
constraints.append((a, b))
# Counting participation ways and printing the result
result = count_participation_ways(N, M, constraints)
print(result)

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