def write$\_$csv$($data$,$filename$)$:

$"""$

Writes the given data out as a CSV file filename.

To be a proper CSV file, data must be a $2-$dimensional list with the first row

containing only strings. All other rows may be any Python value. Dates are

converted using ISO formatting. All other objects are converted to their string

representation.

Parameter data: The Python value to encode as a CSV file

Precondition: data is a $2-$dimensional list of strings

Parameter filename: The file to read

Precondition: filename is a string representing a path to a file with extension

$.$csv or $.$CSV$.$ The file may or may not exist.

$"""$

file $=$ open$($filename$,\text{'}$w$\text{'},$ newline $="")$

writer $=$ csv$.$writer$($file$)$

writer.writerows$($data$)$

file.close$()$

def discover$\_$violations$($directory$,$output$)$:

$"""$

Searches the dataset directory for any flight lessons the violation regulations.

This function will call list$\_$weather$\_$violations$()$ to get the list of weather violations.

If list$\_$endorsment$\_$violations $($optional$)$ is completed, it will call that too, as

well as list$\_$inspection$\_$violations. It will concatenate all of these $2$d lists

into a single $2$d list of violations $($so a flight may be listed more than once for

each of the three types of violations$).$

If the parameter output is not None, it will create the CSV file with name output

and write the $2$d list of violations to this file. This CSV file should have the

following header:

STUDENT,AIRPLANE,INSTRUCTOR,TAKEOFF,LANDING,FILED,AREA,REASON

Regardless of whether output is None, this function will print out the number of

violations, as follows:

$\text{'}23$ violations found.$\text{'}$

If no violations are found, it will say

$\text{'}$No violations found.$\text{'}$

Parameter directory: The directory of files to audit

Precondition: directory is the name of a directory containing the files 'daycycle.json',

'weather.json', 'minimums.csv$\text{'},$ 'students.csv$\text{'},$ 'teachers.csv$\text{'},$ 'lessons.csv$\text{'},$

'fleet.csv$\text{'},$ and 'repairs.csv$\text{'}.$

Parameter output: The CSV file to store the results

Precondition: output is None or a string that is a valid file name

$"""$