Define correctional administration and describe the four levels of staff in a correctional agency. Summarize the...

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Define correctional administration and describe the four levels of staff in a correctional agency. Summarize the impact that private sector management has on public sector administrative practices. Outline how the development of correctional philosophy and practice is integrated with various approaches to correctional administration. Define the hands off doctrine taken by federal courts regarding correctional issues, and summarize how its collapse has impacted corrections. Identify the reasons for the death of the medical model in corrections. Describe the two recent developments that have influenced correctional policy makers to renew their support for rehabilitation as a correctional goal. Compare the trends in the growth of correctional populations over the period of the 1980s and 1990s to the growth since 2000. Compare and contrast specific deterrence with general deterrence. Summarize the two ways to define and view the correctional goal of incapacitation. Describe the general environment in which correctional administrators must function today. Define correctional administration and describe the four levels of staff in a correctional agency. Summarize the impact that private sector management has on public sector administrative practices. Outline how the development of correctional philosophy and practice is integrated with various approaches to correctional administration. Define the hands off doctrine taken by federal courts regarding correctional issues, and summarize how its collapse has impacted corrections. Identify the reasons for the death of the medical model in corrections. Describe the two recent developments that have influenced correctional policy makers to renew their support for rehabilitation as a correctional goal. Compare the trends in the growth of correctional populations over the period of the 1980s and 1990s to the growth since 2000. Compare and contrast specific deterrence with general deterrence. Summarize the two ways to define and view the correctional goal of incapacitation. Describe the general environment in which correctional administrators must function today.

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Correctional Administration Correctional administration refers to the management and supervision of correctional facilities and programs designed for the incarceration and rehabilitation of individuals who have been convicted of crimes It encompasses the organization planning and oversight of correctional agencies and their personnel Four Levels of Staff in a Correctional Agency 1 Frontline Staff These are the correctional officers who work directly with inmates They are responsible for maintaining security supervising inmates and ensuring adherence to facility rules 2 Supervisory Staff Supervisors such as sergeants and lieutenants oversee the work of frontline staff They manage daily operations handle disciplinary matters and provide guidance to correctional officers 3 Middle Management This level includes positions like deputy wardens and unit managers They are responsible for the overall administration of correctional facilities including resource allocation policy implementation and staff training 4 Executive Management The toplevel administrators including wardens and commissioners are responsible for the strategic planning policy development and budgeting of correctional agencies They make decisions that impact the entire organization Impact of Private Sector Management on Public Sector Administrative Practices Private sector management practices have influenced public sector administration in terms of efficiency costeffectiveness and accountability Public correctional agencies have adopted elements of private sector management to streamline operations control costs and increase transparency Hands Off Doctrine The handsoff doctrine taken by federal courts was a stance that limited judicial interference in correctional matters particularly in the internal administration of prisons Courts generally refrained from intervening in issues related to prison conditions and policies recognizing the expertise of correctional administrators Collapse of the Hands Off Doctrine The collapse of this doctrine resulted from concerns about inmate rights and inhumane prison conditions Court decisions such as the landmark case of Ruiz v Estelle 1980 illustrated that courts began to take a more active role in addressing constitutional violations within prisons This shift led to greater oversight and intervention in correctional issues Death of the Medical Model in Corrections The medical model which viewed criminal behavior as a form of illness that could be treated declined due to a lack of empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness It was criticized for failing to reduce recidivism significantly Renewal of Support for Rehabilitation Two recent developments have influenced correctional policy makers to renew their support for rehabilitation 1 Research showing the effectiveness of evidencebased programs in reducing recidivism 2 Concerns about the high cost of mass incarceration prompting a shift towards alternatives that focus on rehabilitation and reintegration Trends in Correctional Populations During the 1980s and 1990s there was a significant growth in correctional populations due to toughoncrime policies longer sentences and increased incarceration rates Since 2000 the growth has slowed with some states implementing criminal justice reforms to reduce prison populations Specific Deterrence vs General Deterrence Specific deterrence aims to prevent an individual ... View the full answer