Description We return to some historical underpinnings within this chapter but from a slightly different perspective--that of management theory. Management began to be studied in the late 1800s by Frederick Winslow Taylor, the father of Scientific Management. From Scientific Management, management theory moved into the Administrative Management Movement, followed by the Bureaucratic Management, and the Human Relations Movement. For this discussion, I'd like to start with about half of you discussing these movements from BOTH management AND union perspectives. As previously, please try not to duplicate each other's discussion topics. Once the previous movements have been covered, I would like you to move into more current management topics. I hope you remember from your management classes that empowerment is a key concept of management. Flexibility and partnership also contribute to management theory today. The remaining students should hone in on these concepts (and any others introduced within the chapter) and explore how management AND unions consider these topics