Descriptive statistics alone cannot definitively tell us if a treatment was effective. Descriptive statistics summarize and organize data so it can be easily understood. They provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures, such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and range. However, to determine the effectiveness of a treatment, we need to use inferential statistics. Inferential statistics allow us to make inferences and predictions about a population based on a sample of data taken from the population. They involve techniques such as hypothesis testing, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA), which can help us understand whether the differences we observe in our sample (e.g., improvement after treatment) are statistically significant and likely to occur in the population