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Differences between ALOHA and CSMA$/$CD:

The addition of the persistence process $($Sensing the medium$).$

The frame transmission, transmission and collision detection are continuous processes.

The sending of a short jamming signal to make sure that all other stations become aware of the collision.

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Energy Level:

The level of energy in a channel can have three values: zero, normal, and abnormal.

Figure $12\mathrm{.}14$ Energy level during transmission, idleness, or collision

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Throughput:

The throughput of CSMA$/$CD is greater than that of pure or slotted ALOHA.

The maximum throughput occurs at a different value of $G$ and is based on the persistence method and the value of $p$ in the $p-$persistent approach.

For the $1-$persistent method, the maximum throughput is around $50\%$ when $G=1.$

For the nonnersistent method, the maximum throughput can go up to $90\%$ when G is between $3$ and $8.$