Determine whether the following arguments are inductive or deductive. If an argument is inductive, determine whether it is strong or weak. If it is deductive, determine whether it is valid or invalid. 1. Since Tom is the brother of Agatha, and Agatha is the mother of Raquel, it follows that Tom is the uncle of Raquel. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 2. When a cook cannot recall the ingredients in a recipe, it is appropriate that she refresh her memory by consulting the recipe book. Similarly, when a student cannot recall the answers during a final exam, it is appropriate that she refresh her memory by consulting the textbook. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 3. The Broadway Theater marquee says that The Phantom of the Opera is playing nightly. Therefore, it must be that case that Phantom is playing there tonight. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 4. Since Christmas is always on a Thursday, it follows that the day after Christmas is always a Friday. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 5. Suppose figure A is a triangle having two equal angles. It follows that figure A has two equal sides. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 6. By accident Karen baked her brownies two hours longer than she should have. Therefore, they have probably been ruined. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 7. After taking LSD, Alice said she saw a flying saucer land in the shopping center parking lot. Since Alice has a reputation for always telling the truth, we must conclude that a flying saucer really did land there. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 8. Since Phyllis is the cousin of Denise, and Denise is the cousin of Harriet, it follows necessarily that Harriet is the cousin of Phyllis. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 9. The picnic scheduled in the park for tomorrow will most likely be cancelled. It's been snowing for six days straight. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 10. Circle A has exactly twice the diameter of circle B. From this we may conclude that circle A has exactly twice the area of circle B. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 11. Robert has lost consistently at blackjack every day for the past several days. Therefore, it is very likely that he will win today. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 12. Since John loves Nancy and Nancy loves Peter, it follows necessarily that John loves Peter. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 13. This cash register drawer contains over 100 coins. Three coins selected at random were found to have dates earlier than 1960. Therefore, probably all of the coins in the drawer have dates earlier than 1960. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 14. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor happened in either 1941 or 1951. But it didn't happen in 1941. Therefore, it happened in 1951. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 15. Harry will never be able to solve that difficult problem in advanced calculus in the limited time allowed. He has never studied anything beyond algebra, and in that he earned only a C-. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 16. Since x + y = 10, and x = 7, it follows that y = 4. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 17. If acupuncture is hocus pocus, then acupuncture cannot relieve chronic pain. But acupuncture can relieve chronic pain. Therefore, acupuncture is not hocus pocus. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 18. If inflation heats up, then interest rates will rise. If interest rates rise, then 1 bond prices will decline. Therefore, if inflation heats up, then bond prices will decline. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 19. Statistics reveal that 86 percent of those who get into accidents, get into accidents close to home. Lara got into an accident last month. Thus, she must have got into an accident a month ago close to her home. Valid Invalid Strong Weak 20. Since Michael is a Pisces, it necessarily follows that he was born in March. Valid Invalid Strong Weak