Developing a Smart City Traffic Management System $($SCTMS$)$: ScenarioA city government is implementing a Smart City Traffic Management System $($SCTMS$)$ to reducecongestion, enhance traffic flow, and improve road safety. The system will incorporate real$-$time data fromtraffic sensors$,$ manage signal timings, provide route suggestions to drivers, and allow emergencyservices to access priority routes. The SCTMS must be integrated with existing urban planning systems,scalable for future expansions, and secure to protect sensitive traffic and user data.Source: Godfrey Mlambo, $2024[100$ MARKS$]$QUESTION $1(20$ Marks$)$How can object$-$oriented analysis and design principles contribute to the development of a robust,adaptable, and secure SCTMS that meets the dynamic demands of urban traffic? Refer to the case studyscenario and answer the following questions$\mathrm{.}1\mathrm{.}1$ Identify the primary objects within SCTMS and describe their key attributes and relationships. $(5$ Marks$)1\mathrm{.}2$ Describe a class diagram that shows how core system entities $($e$.$g$.,$ traffic controllers, sensors$,$vehicles$)$ interact to optimize traffic flow.$(5$ Marks$)1\mathrm{.}3$ What model can be used for illustrating the interaction among traffic lights, sensors$,$ and vehicles inresponse to a traffic congestion alert and give your reason.$(10$ Marks$)$QUESTION $2(20$ Marks$)$The SCTMS needs seamless integration with current urban systems, robust security for data protection,and adaptability for future upgrades. With these requirements in mind, address the following$\mathrm{.}2\mathrm{.}1$ Explain how inheritance can be used to build modules for different vehicle types $($e$.$g$.,$ publictransport, private vehicles, emergency services$)$ to streamline data exchange within SCTMS$.(5$ Marks$)2\mathrm{.}2$ Discuss the role of polymorphism in handling varied response actions when different vehicles$($emergency vs$.$ regular$)$ approach an intersection.$(5$ Marks$)2\mathrm{.}3$ Describe a strategy for implementing data encapsulation to ensure secure communication betweenSCTMS components while restricting unauthorized access.$(5$ Marks$)2\mathrm{.}4$ Explain how scalability can be achieved through modular design, allowing the system toaccommodate additional sensors$,$ intersections, and user data in the future.$(5$ Marks$)$QUESTION $3(20$ Marks$)$Effective project management and automation tools are essential for timely and efficient SCTMSdeployment. Based on this context, answer the following$\mathrm{.}3\mathrm{.}1$ Suggest project management techniques that would be effective in coordinating with multiple citydepartments $($e$.$g$.,$ transportation, emergency services$)$ for SCTMS development$(5$ Marks$)3\mathrm{.}2$ Identify automated testing tools that could validate system components, such as traffic signalresponses, under varied real$-$time traffic conditions.$(5$ Marks$)3\mathrm{.}3$ Outline the primary tasks within the requirements engineering phase of SCTMS$,$ includingstakeholder identification, needs analysis, and functional requirement prioritization$(5$ Marks$)3\mathrm{.}4$ Recommend a version control strategy that facilitates smooth collaboration among developmentteams working on SCTMS modules, ensuring accuracy and consistency in system updates.$(5$ Marks$)$QUESTION $4(20$ Marks$)$For SCTMS to align with urban infrastructure and address future needs, a structured design methodologyis required. Answer the following questions to explore its implementation$\mathrm{.}4\mathrm{.}1$ Explain how data flow diagrams $($DFDs$)$ can be employed to depict how information moves throughSCTMS modules like sensors$,$ traffic signals, and the central control system.$(5$ Marks$)4\mathrm{.}2$ Identify $5($five$)$ critical analytical skills that a systems analyst should possess to evaluate and refinecomplex city traffic data in SCTMS$.(5$ Marks$)4\mathrm{.}3$ How can a relationship diagram aid in structuring key data points within the SCTMS$,$ such as vehiclecounts, traffic signal timings, and emergency vehicle routes?$(5$ Marks$)4\mathrm{.}4$ Describe how joint application design $($JAD$)$ sessions can be used to collaborate with city officials andtraffic management experts to refine SCTMS requirements.$(5$ Marks$)$QUESTION $5(20$ Marks$)$The SDLC process provides a structured framework for SCTMS development to ensure consistency,reliability, and scalability. Answer the following questions$\mathrm{.}5\mathrm{.}1$ Considering the SCTMS requirements for real$-$time data processing and scalability, which SDLCmodel would best suit this project $($e$.$g$.,$ Waterfall, Agile$)?$ Provide justification for your choice.? Explainyour reasoning.$(5$ Marks$)5\mathrm{.}2$ Identify $5($five$)$ activities that should be prioritized in the design phase to enable efficient signal timingadjustments and secure data handling in SCTMS$.(5$ Marks$)5\mathrm{.}3$ Explain how user$-$centered design principles could be incorporated during prototyping to enhance theuser interface for traffic management personnel.$(5$ Marks$)5\mathrm{.}4$ Identify $5($five$)$ potential deployment phase risks specific to SCTMS $($e$.$g$.,$ system downtime, databreaches$)$ and suggest mitigation strategies for each$(5$ Marks$)$