Developing a Sustainable Steel Production Process This case is about XYZ company, a new steel production technology developed as an alternative to the existing steel production technologies which were not only energy intensive but also high on Co; emissions. The new process was developed in the wake of the Paris Agreement, which aimed at reducing Co, emissions globally. The European Union targeted cutting down the emissions to 80-90% of 1990 levels by 2050. The European Union was also looking at adopting a circular economy, which would not only reduce pressure on the environment but also enhance the security of the supply of raw materials and lead to economic growth. As far as the steel industry was concerned it was looking at increasing the efficiency of production and to redesigning production processes to reduce con emissions. Toward this end, the steel industry in Europe formed a consortium called Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide Steelmaking (ULCOS) in 2004 to identify technologies that would help reduce carbon emissions, ensure energy efficiency, and allow flexibility in the selection of raw materials in the steel industry The consortium was of the view that a completely new process needed to be developed as the limits of the existing production systems had already been achieved. This resulted in Page 1 of 2 the development of a breakthrough technology, XYZ company, which removed several energy-intensive pre-processes and provided flexibility in terms of the quality of raw materials and use of fuels. In the process, the Con emissions fell by 20%, and by capturing the high-quality Co2, the emissions could be reduced by 80%. The emissions of other fine particles could also be reduced. The technology was tested in a pilot plant of Tata Steel Europe in the Netherlands and the 75 million project was funded by ULCOS, the European Union, and the Dutch government. XYZ company was a combination of two different technologies, one from metal and mining company Rio Tinto and the other from Tata Steel. After years of trial runs and experiments, Tata Steel was all set to take the new sustainable production process to industrial scale. This called for more investments and it remained to be seen whether steel majors from across the world would show an interest in adopting the new technology in a bid to reduce emissions, or whether they would continue with the traditional steel making processes Answer any two questions 1. To examine in depth the circular economy and the role of steel. 2. To understand the industry's approach toward sustainable production. 3. To demonstrate the way in which manufacturing processes can be redesigned to increase production efficiency and achieve lower emissions