[DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NON-INDEPENDENT MEANS (paired measures)] In setting a "medicinal purpose only" policy for a controlled substance, you would like to better understand the following research to support making your decision: Nausea and vomiting are frequent side effects of cancer chemotherapy, which can contribute to the decreased ability of patients to undergo long-term chemotherapy schedules. To investigate the capacity of marijuana to reduce these side effects, a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial was performed. Fifteen cancer patients on chemotherapy schedules were randomly assigned to receive either a marijuana treatment or a placebo treatment for their first three chemotherapy sessions, and then "crossed over" to the opposite treatment for their next three sessions. The treatments, which involved both cigarettes and pills, were made to appear the same whether in active or placebo form. Use the data below, which summarizes the number of vomiting and retching episodes for the 15 subjects to help identify whether the marijuana treatment reduced the frequency of episodes:

Number	Placebo	Marijuana	D
1	23	15	-8
2	50	25	-25
3	0	0	0
4	99	0	-99
5	31	4	-27
6	21	2	-19
7	79	1	-78
8	113	4	-109
9	53	9	-44
10	0	0	0
11	61	22	-39
12	18	0	-18
13	12	0	-12
14	6	0	-6
15	5	103	98

What is the mean of D?

What is the standard deviation of D?

What is the LOWER BOUND of the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between these two non-independent measures?

Again, using the data from the problem above...

What is the UPPER BOUND of the 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between these two non-independent measures?

Does your 95% Interval Include Zero?

Are the results statistically significant?

Was the treatment effective?